Michigan

The name Michigan originates from the Ojibwe (also called Chippewa) word michi-gami or mishigami, meaning "great water" or "large lake." The name originally referred to Lake Michigan, one of the five Great Lakes, before being applied to the surrounding territory and eventually the state. The Ojibwe term breaks down into mishi- ("great" or "large") and -gami ("water" or "lake"), reflecting the indigenous peoples' recognition of the massive freshwater body.

The Ojibwe people, along with the Odawa (Ottawa) and Potawatomi nations, formed the Council of Three Fires (Niswi-mishkodewinan) and were the primary Algonquian-speaking inhabitants of the region for centuries. Their language shaped many place names throughout the Great Lakes region. Early French explorers and missionaries, arriving in the 1600s, encountered these indigenous peoples and adopted local place names, rendering michi-gami in various French spellings.

Historical records show considerable spelling variation: Michigami, Mishigamaw, Mich-a-gan, and Mitchigamea all appear in early French and British colonial documents. French cartographers and traders standardized the spelling as Michigan by the mid-18th century, adapting Ojibwe phonology to French orthographic conventions. The name perfectly captures the state's defining geographic feature—Michigan is the only U.S. state divided into two large peninsulas (Upper and Lower) and bordered by four of the five Great Lakes (Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie).

The Michigan Territory was created on January 11, 1805, carved from Indiana Territory. Following a boundary dispute with Ohio known as the Toledo War (1835–1836), Michigan gained the entire Upper Peninsula as compensation for ceding the Toledo Strip to Ohio. The state entered the Union on January 26, 1837, as the 26th state.

The demonym Michigander has an interesting political origin. The term was supposedly coined by Abraham Lincoln in the 1840s as a mock-insult during a political dispute with Michigan General Lewis Cass, combining "Michigan" with the barnyard animal "gander" to imply foolishness. However, the term was embraced by Michigan residents and lost its derogatory connotation, becoming the proud standard demonym. An alternative form, Michiganian, also exists but is less commonly used. The -gander formation is unique among U.S. state demonyms, making it memorably distinctive. Some residents humorously note that if male residents are "Michiganders" (male geese), females should be "Michigeese," though this playful term remains informal.