Arizona

The demonym 'Arizonan' traces its roots to the indigenous O'odham people of the Sonoran Desert region. The state's name originates from an earlier Spanish designation, 'Arizonac,' derived from the O'odham phrase 'alĭ ṣonak' (pronounced [ˈaɭi̥ ˈʂɔnak]), which translates to 'small spring' or 'place of the small spring.'

Historically, this term was first applied by Spanish colonists in the 18th century to a specific area near the silver mining camp of Planchas de Plata in what is now Sonora, Mexico. To the European settlers, the O'odham pronunciation sounded like 'Arissona.' The area continues to be known as 'alĭ ṣonak' in the O'odham language today.

An alternative etymology suggests a possible Basque origin from the phrase 'haritz ona,' meaning 'the good oak,' as there were numerous Basque shepherds in the region during the colonial period. A native-born Mexican of Basque ancestry established a ranchería (small rural settlement) called Arizona between 1734 and 1736 in present-day Sonora, which became notable after a significant silver discovery around 1737.

When the U.S. acquired the territory through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) and the Gadsden Purchase (1853), the name persisted. The Arizona Territory was formally organized in 1863, and when it achieved statehood on February 14, 1912—coinciding with Valentine's Day—it became the 48th state. The suffix '-an' follows standard English conventions for forming demonyms from place names, similar to 'American' or 'African.' Alternative proposed names for the territory included 'Gadsonia,' 'Pimeria,' 'Montezuma,' and 'Arizuma,' but 'Arizona' ultimately prevailed.