Juba

The name Juba has several theories of origin, the most prominent being that it was named after a local Bari chief whose village was located at the site when European and British explorers arrived. The Bari people are the indigenous Nilotic group of the region. Alternative theories suggest an Arabic origin, either from jubbah (a long garment) or a term meaning 'large place,' reflecting historical trade links with the north.

The modern city was established in 1922 by the British as a strategic river port, being the most southerly navigable point on the White Nile for steamboats coming from Khartoum. During the colonial era, Juba was the heart of the 'Southern Policy,' which administratively separated the Christian/Animist south from the Arab-Muslim north. This divide eventually fueled two of Africa’s longest civil wars (1955–1972 and 1983–2005), during which Juba served as a vital garrison town.

Following a 2011 referendum where 98.83% of the population voted for secession, South Sudan became the world’s newest independent nation on July 9, 2011, with Juba as its capital. The city's growth has been rapid but turbulent, shaped by its role as the seat of government and the center of humanitarian and diplomatic efforts during the internal conflicts (2013–2020) that followed independence.

Today, Juba is a bustling, cosmopolitan frontier city. It is the economic and political lifeline of the country, serving as the primary link to East African trade routes via Uganda and Kenya. Despite the scars of decades of conflict, it remains a symbol of South Sudanese sovereignty and the focal point of the nation's ongoing transition toward peace and development.