Antananarivo

The name Antananarivo translates to 'The City of the Thousand' in Malagasy (Tanana meaning 'town' and arivo meaning 'thousand'). This honors a pivotal 17th-century event when King Andrianjaka of the Merina Kingdom conquered the hilltop of Analamanga and stationed a garrison of one thousand warriors to defend his new capital. These soldiers and their families established the first permanent settlement on the strategic heights.

Analamanga Hill, rising over 1,280 meters, provided the Merina people with a natural fortress overlooking the central highland rice plains. This location became the seat of power for the Rova of Antananarivo, the royal palace complex that symbolized Merina authority as they expanded their control over most of Madagascar by the early 19th century.

During the French colonial period (1896–1960), the name was shortened to Tananarive, a form that still influences the English demonym 'Tananarivian.' While the full Malagasy name was officially restored upon independence in 1960, the city is still affectionately known by locals and visitors alike as 'Tana.'

Today, the city has expanded far beyond its original site to encompass twelve hills. While it remains the undisputed political and cultural heart of the nation, it also reflects the complex history of Madagascar, standing as a symbol of both the ancient Merina monarchy and the modern Malagasy state.