Maseru

The name Maseru is derived from the Sesotho language, meaning 'place of the red sandstones.' This directly describes the striking geological landscape of the area, specifically the Clarens Formation red sandstone cliffs and iron-oxide-rich soil that line the Caledon River. These cliffs provided a distinct visual landmark long before the city’s formal establishment.

The city’s history is inextricably linked to King Moshoeshoe I, the founder of the Basotho nation. To protect his people from the dual threats of Boer expansion and Zulu military pressure, Moshoeshoe I strategically requested British protection. In 1868, the territory became the British protectorate of Basutoland. A year later, in 1869, the British established a small police camp and administrative post at Maseru. It was chosen for its accessibility on the lowland plains near the South African border, contrasting with the traditional Basotho mountain stronghold of Thaba Bosiu.

Because of its status as a High Commission Territory, Lesotho avoided being incorporated into the Union of South Africa in 1910, eventually escaping the direct imposition of apartheid laws. On October 4, 1966, the nation gained independence as the Kingdom of Lesotho, with Maseru retained as its capital. Situated at an elevation of approximately 1,600 meters, it is one of the highest capital cities in the world, serving as the gateway to the 'Kingdom in the Sky.'

Today, Maseru is a unique border city, sitting directly on the Caledon River (Mohokare) which separates Lesotho from South Africa. It remains the nation's sole major urban center and the heart of its political and economic life, characterized by its high-altitude setting and its enduring connection to the heritage of the Basotho monarchy.